Attachment Style and Resiliency in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: The goal of the present study was to determine the relationships between attachment styles and resiliency in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. METHODS: A random sample of 260 subjects was obtained from the population of undergraduate students of the Nour Branch of Islamic Azad University, which is located in Mazandaran, and these subjects were enrolled in this descriptive and correlational study. The collected data included the subjects' responses to an adult attachment style questionnaire, resilience scale, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder questionnaire. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient indices and multiple regressions. RESULTS: The results of the data analysis showed a positive correlation (relationship) between ambivalent/avoidant attachment styles and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and a negative correlation between resilience and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Furthermore, these results demonstrated that attachment style and resiliency can predict obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. In addition, no significant relationships were found between the demographic variables (convertibles) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that attachment style and resiliency contribute to the development of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

risk of repetition of attempted suicide among Iranian women with psychiatric disorders as quantified by the suicide behaviors questionnaire

The factors associated with repetition of attempted suicide are poorly categorized in the Iranian population. In this study, the prevalence of different psychiatric disorders among women who attempted suicide and the risk of repetition were assessed. Participants were women admitted to the Poisoning Emergency Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences following failed suicide attempts. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM-IV] symptom checklist. Risk of repetition was evaluated using the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised [SBQ-R]. About 72% of individuals had a SBQ-R score >8 and were considered to be at high risk for repeated attempted suicide. Adjustment disorders were the most common psychiatric disorders [40.8%]. However, the type of psychiatric disorder was not associated with the risk of repetition [p=0.320]. Marital status, educational level, employment, substance use, history of suicide among family members, and motivation were not determinant factors for repetition of suicide attempt [p=0.220, 0.880, 0.220, 0.290, 0.350 and 0.270, respectively]. Younger women were associated with violent methods of attempted suicide, such as self-cutting, whereas older individuals preferred consumption of poison [p<0.001]. Drug overdose was more common among single and married women whereas widows or divorcees preferred self-burning [p=0.004]. About 72% of patients with failed suicide attempts were at high risk for repeated attempts. Age, marital status, and type of psychiatric disorder were the only determinants of suicide method. Adjustment disorders were the most common psychiatric disorders among Iranian women. However, this did not predict the risk of further attempts

Gender differences in patients' beliefs about biological, environmental, behavioral, and psychological risk factors in a cardiac rehabilitation program

Introduction: There are significant gender differences in the epidemiology and presentation of cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], physiological aspects of CVDs, response to diagnostic tests or interventions, and prevalence or incidence of the associated risk factors. Considering the independent influence of gender on early dire consequences of such diseases, this study was conducted to investigate gender differences in patients' beliefs about biological, environmental, behavioral, and psychological risk factors in a cardiac rehabilitation program

Materials and Methods: This study has cross sectional design. The sample was composed of 775 patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation unit in Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. The data were collected using clinical interview and patients' medical records. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and chi-square test. To do the statistical analysis, SPSS version 20 was utilized

Results: As the results indicated, there was a significant difference between the beliefs of men and women about risk factors of heart disease [X[2]= 48.36; P<0.01]. Men considered behavioral [55.1%] and psychological [33.7%] risk factors as the main causes of their disease, respectively. On the other hand, women regarded psychological [38.2%] and behavioral factors [26.6%] as the most common causes of cardiac conditions, respectively. Both men and women considered stress as the most important heart disease risk factor [21% and 22.3%, respectively]. Also, women were less aware of the risk factors, compared to men

Conclusion: From the patients' perspective, psychological and behavioral risk factors were the most important causes of cardiovascular diseases [CVDs]; moreover, stress was the most influential risk factor for developing cardiac diseases. Thus, learning to control and manage these risk factors can help to prevent the development of CVDs and reduce the occurrence of subsequent cardiac events

Suicide by self-immolation, a cross sectional study in Kermanshah-Iran

Although in international studies, it has been reported to be the sixth most common method of suicide, self-Immolation is reported to be one of the most common methods of suicide in Iran. The aimed of this study was to determine the psychological characteristics of those patients who attempted suicide by setting themselves on fire in Kermanshah. In a cross-sectional study in 2003, 227 in-patients who had attempted self-immolation were screened out for mental illness. One hundred and ninety seven of them were subsequently assessed psychologically by using DSM-IV criteria. Eighty one and half percent of the patients were female with a mean age of 27.1. The majority of the patients were married and unemployed. Twenty one percent of the patients had a history of chronic physical illness and 59.9% a history of depression. Somatoform disorders were detected in 36.5% of the cases and substance misuse in 7.5%. There was a 17.6% past history of deliberate self-harm in the patients and 20% in the family members. Suicide by self-burning had been precipitated by marital conflicts in 33.9% of the cases and by family conflicts in 23.2%. There was a high rate of mortality among the patients [50.2%]. Although most of the risk factors for suicide in our population were similar to what is already known in the literature, we found that married women in Kermanshah province were particularly at higher risk of killing themselves by the method of self immolation